Introduction to Logic

Complete syllabus

Every chapter and lesson

1. 01

   Chapter 1 · 3 lessons

   Arguments

   1. 1.1

      What logic studies

      8 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can explain what logic studies and its significance in reasoning.

      • Logic is the study of reasoning and argumentation.
      • It involves analyzing the structure of arguments.
      • Logic helps in distinguishing valid arguments from invalid ones.
   2. 1.2

      Premises & conclusions

      8 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can identify premises and conclusions in arguments.

      • Premises are statements that provide support for a conclusion.
      • A conclusion is the statement that the premises aim to support.
      • Recognizing premises and conclusions is essential for evaluating arguments.
   3. 1.3

      Validity & soundness

      9 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can differentiate between validity and soundness in arguments.

      • Validity refers to the structure of an argument, where if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
      • Soundness requires that an argument is both valid and has true premises.
      • Understanding these concepts is crucial for assessing the strength of arguments.
2. 02

   Chapter 2 · 3 lessons

   Informal Logic

   1. 2.1

      Recognizing arguments

      8 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can recognize and identify arguments in various forms of discourse.

      • Understand the definition of an argument.
      • Identify premises and conclusions in statements.
      • Distinguish between arguments and non-arguments.
      • Recognize the structure of simple arguments.
   2. 2.2

      Informal fallacies

      9 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can identify and explain common informal fallacies.

      • Define what an informal fallacy is.
      • List and describe several types of informal fallacies.
      • Provide examples of informal fallacies in everyday reasoning.
      • Discuss the impact of informal fallacies on arguments.
   3. 2.3

      Definitions & clarity

      8 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can articulate the importance of definitions and clarity in logical discourse.

      • Understand the role of definitions in logic.
      • Identify vague and ambiguous terms.
      • Explain how clarity enhances argumentation.
      • Discuss the importance of precise language in logical discussions.
3. 03

   Chapter 3 · 3 lessons

   Categorical Logic

   1. 3.1

      Categorical statements

      8 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can identify and define categorical statements.

      • Understand the structure of categorical statements.
      • Differentiate between universal and particular statements.
      • Recognize affirmative and negative statements.
   2. 3.2

      The square of opposition

      9 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can explain the square of opposition and its significance.

      • Define the square of opposition and its components.
      • Illustrate the relationships between different types of categorical statements.
      • Analyze how the square of opposition helps in understanding logical relationships.
   3. 3.3

      Categorical syllogisms

      9 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can construct and evaluate categorical syllogisms.

      • Define categorical syllogisms and their components.
      • Identify valid and invalid syllogisms.
      • Apply rules of syllogistic reasoning to assess arguments.
4. 04

   Chapter 4 · 3 lessons

   Propositional Logic

   1. 4.1

      Symbolizing statements

      9 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can symbolize statements using propositional logic notation.

      • Understand the basic components of propositional logic.
      • Learn how to identify simple and compound statements.
      • Practice symbolizing statements using logical operators.
   2. 4.2

      Truth tables

      9 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can construct and interpret truth tables for propositional logic statements.

      • Define what a truth table is and its purpose in logic.
      • Learn how to create truth tables for different logical operators.
      • Analyze truth tables to determine the truth values of compound statements.
   3. 4.3

      Testing validity

      8 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can test the validity of arguments using truth tables.

      • Understand the concept of validity in logical arguments.
      • Learn how to apply truth tables to test argument validity.
      • Practice identifying valid and invalid arguments using truth tables.
5. 05

   Chapter 5 · 3 lessons

   Proofs & Predicate Logic

   1. 5.1

      Natural deduction

      9 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can understand the principles of natural deduction and apply them to logical arguments.

      • Define natural deduction and its significance in logic.
      • Identify the basic rules of natural deduction.
      • Demonstrate how to construct a natural deduction proof.
   2. 5.2

      Predicate logic

      9 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can comprehend predicate logic and its components.

      • Define predicate logic and its importance in formal reasoning.
      • Differentiate between predicates, subjects, and quantifiers.
      • Construct simple statements using predicate logic.
   3. 5.3

      Logic in practice

      8 min · Quick check

      Lesson goal: By the end you can apply logical principles to real-world scenarios.

      • Identify examples of logic in everyday reasoning.
      • Analyze arguments using principles of predicate logic.
      • Evaluate the validity of arguments in practical contexts.